---
title: Climate Signals Weekly
type: L2-brief
theme: climate-signals
week: 2026-W34
updated: 2026-08-17T09:00:00Z
sources: [climate-anomalies, co2-monitoring, sea-ice-extent]
license: CC-BY-4.0
attribution: azimuth (HemySphere doctrine demonstrator) — see CREDITS.md for upstream sources
---

# Climate Signals Weekly

> Synthesised from the week's L1 source notes under `../01 Sources/`. The `azimuth-curator`
> fleet role evolves this single note in place each week. azimuth reports **observed**
> climate measurements — recorded atmospheric concentrations, recorded sea-ice extent, and
> recorded regional temperature/precipitation anomalies — never a forecast of what the climate
> will do. Every claim links to the L1 note it rests on. This brief reads three independent
> instrument channels at once (atmospheric chemistry, the cryosphere, regional reanalysis) for
> the seven days to 2026-08-17, the synthesis a static single-source bundle cannot do.

## This week at a glance

- The deep-summer melt pushed extent lower again while the Mauna Loa daily print carried forward
  unchanged and the regional field broadened warm: Arctic extent fell to **5.35 million km²** at a
  **−2.00 million km²** anomaly (from 5.51 / −1.93, the melt still running toward the September
  minimum), trend flag holding **"below_average"** — the Mauna Loa feed **held at 427.8 ppm**
  (still measured 2026-08-14, no new daily print landed since 08-16) — and the regional map ran
  **22 of 25 zones warm** for 2026-08-11 to 2026-08-17 with **no `EXTREME` flag** (a second cycle
  at zero), the warmest zone now Central Asia **+4.0 °C `MODERATE`**
  ([[sea-ice-extent]], [[co2-monitoring]], [[climate-anomalies]]).
- The regional field **broadened warm even as its peaks eased**: **no zone reached `EXTREME`** for
  a second straight cycle — four zones now carry `MODERATE` flags (Central Asia +4.0 °C, Europe
  +3.8 °C and Greenland +3.2 °C warm, Southern Africa −3.9 °C cold), down from five as East Asia's
  dry flag cleared — and the warm/cold split ran **22 warm / 2 cold / 1 mixed / 0 dry** (from
  20/2/2/1), the coldest zone still **Southern Africa (−3.9 °C `MODERATE`)** ([[climate-anomalies]]).
- The bipolar-warm join **held but flattened**: both poles stayed on the warm side — Greenland
  +3.2 °C `MODERATE` (from +3.5) and the Western Antarctic Ice Sheet +0.5 °C `NORMAL` (from +1.9)
  — the southern pole's signal easing sharply toward flat while Greenland held the stronger of the
  two ([[climate-anomalies]], [[sea-ice-extent]]).

## Atmospheric chemistry (Mauna Loa)

- The co2-monitoring feed **carried the same reading forward**: the 08-17 pull's `measuredAt` held
  at 2026-08-14 with the print unchanged at **427.8 ppm** — no new Mauna Loa print has landed since
  the 08-16 ingest; 427.8 ppm remains **2.36 ppm above the year-ago 425.44 ppm**, with the annual
  growth rate holding at 2.83 ppm/yr and the monthly average unchanged at 429.12 ppm
  ([[co2-monitoring]]).
- The same station's two other long-lived greenhouse gas readings also held: methane at 1937.59 ppb
  and nitrous oxide at 339.78 ppb — recorded concentrations reported as-measured, unchanged from the
  prior pull, with no projection attached ([[co2-monitoring]]).
- At 427.8 ppm the recorded concentration still sits about **53% above the 280 ppm pre-industrial
  baseline** the feed carries; with the print itself flat day-on-day, the year-on-year gap (2.36 ppm
  above the 2025 reading) remains the measure of the underlying rising baseline beneath the seasonal
  cycle ([[co2-monitoring]]).

## Cryosphere & ocean (sea-ice channel)

- Arctic sea-ice extent is recorded at **5.35 million km²**, an anomaly of **−2.00 million km²**
  — the deep-summer melt stepped raw extent down again from 5.51 as the reading advanced one day
  to 2026-08-15, the deficit deepening from −1.93 as the melt runs toward the September annual
  minimum; the feed's trend flag held **"below_average"**, and every one of the last twelve
  monthly readings still carries a negative anomaly, a twelve-month unbroken run below average
  ([[sea-ice-extent]]).
- The same ocean channel reports a global sea-surface-temperature anomaly of +0.61 °C (held),
  mean sea level **101.2 mm above the 1993 reference** (held) at a recorded 4.4 mm/yr rise, and
  upper-ocean (0–700 m) heat content of 228.45 zettajoules (held); the ocean sub-metrics held flat
  while the ice extent stepped lower again ([[sea-ice-extent]]).

## Regional anomaly map (25 zones)

- Of the 25 monitored zones for the week 2026-08-11 to 2026-08-17, **22 were flagged warm, 2 cold,
  1 mixed and 0 dry** — and **none reached `EXTREME`**, a second consecutive cycle at zero. The
  warmest zone is now **Central Asia (+4.0 °C `MODERATE`)**, ahead of **Europe (+3.8 °C, eased
  from +4.8)** and **Greenland (+3.2 °C, eased from +3.5)**; the coldest is **Southern Africa
  (−3.9 °C `MODERATE`, eased from −4.1)** ([[climate-anomalies]]).
- Four zones carry `MODERATE` flags and the rest read `NORMAL`: **Central Asia (+4.0 °C)**,
  **Europe (+3.8 °C)** and **Greenland (+3.2 °C)** on the warm side, **Southern Africa (−3.9 °C)**
  on the cold side; **East Asia's** `MODERATE` dry signal (−6.1 precip last cycle) cleared to a
  `NORMAL` warm reading (+0.1 °C, −2 precip), and no zone reached the `EXTREME` band this cycle
  ([[climate-anomalies]]).
- Both poles stayed on the warm side — Greenland +3.2 °C `MODERATE` (from +3.5) and the Western
  Antarctic Ice Sheet +0.5 °C `NORMAL` (from +1.9) — so the bipolar-warm join held, though the
  southern pole's signal eased sharply toward flat this cycle ([[climate-anomalies]]).

## Reading the week

- Read together, the three channels describe a recorded picture where the atmospheric baseline
  paused as the cryosphere and regional field kept moving: a **Mauna Loa CO2 print holding at
  427.8 ppm** with no new daily reading landed (still 2.36 ppm above the year-ago reading, ~53%
  above pre-industrial), a sea-ice extent whose twelve-month below-average run continued as the
  summer melt drove extent down again to **5.35 million km²** at a deepened −2.00 million km²
  anomaly, and a regional map that **broadened to 22 of 25 zones warm** while its `MODERATE` peaks
  eased — the warmest zone now Central Asia at +4.0 °C `MODERATE`. azimuth reports what the
  instruments measured — the value, the anomaly sign, the severity flag — and stops there; the
  editorial line keeps the brief to observed facts and excludes any projection of what follows
  ([[co2-monitoring]], [[sea-ice-extent]], [[climate-anomalies]]).
- The synthesis value this cycle is the contrast the three channels draw together: the CO2 print
  sat flat between ingest days while the slow-moving ocean/ice baseline kept tightening (extent to
  5.35 million km² near its annual minimum, the twelve-month deficit run unbroken, mean sea level
  holding at 101.2 mm) even as the fast-moving regional field widened its warm coverage to 22 of 25
  zones (from 20) even as its sharpest anomalies eased — a reminder that broader warm coverage and
  easing peak severity can move together, a distinction no single feed shows alone
  ([[sea-ice-extent]], [[climate-anomalies]], [[co2-monitoring]]).

## Changelog

- 2026-06-24 — first Climate Signals Weekly cycle (2026-W26): created the brief from the live
  2026-06-24 ingest of three newly-surfaced clean channels — `co2-monitoring` (NOAA Mauna Loa),
  `sea-ice-extent` (NSIDC) and `climate-anomalies` (NOAA/NASA reanalysis). Wrote the
  at-a-glance, atmospheric-chemistry, cryosphere/ocean, regional-anomaly and reading sections:
  CO2 430.78 ppm (~54% above pre-industrial), Arctic ice −1.28 million km² (12 straight negative
  months), 14/22 zones warm, max regional anomaly +6.2 °C over the Western Antarctic Ice Sheet.
  Observed-only framing per the report-observed-not-predicted caution; cross-channel Arctic join
  surfaced as the synthesis-depth example.
- 2026-06-25 — daily-ingest flowback (2026-W26): refreshed from the live 2026-06-25 ingest.
  CO2 ticked to 431.1 ppm (1.28 ppm above the year-ago 429.82); Arctic ice eased to 10.06
  million km² at a −1.32 anomaly (now a twelfth straight below-average month); the regional map
  shifted to 15/22 warm with Ukraine (+3.3 °C) and Central Asia (+3.2 °C) the warmest non-polar
  zones, and the Western Antarctic Ice Sheet's `EXTREME` reading easing slightly to +5.9 °C but
  still the field's largest. Updated the at-a-glance, chemistry, cryosphere, regional and
  reading sections; the Arctic ice/warm-air and bipolar warm joins held ([[co2-monitoring]],
  [[sea-ice-extent]], [[climate-anomalies]]).
- 2026-06-26 — daily-ingest flowback (2026-W26): refreshed from the live 2026-06-26 ingest. CO2
  held at 431.1 ppm (the Mauna Loa channel byte-identical to the prior pull); Arctic ice eased
  further to 9.98 million km² at a −1.36 anomaly (still a twelfth straight below-average month);
  the regional map held 15/22 warm but reshuffled — Central Asia (+3.7 °C) edged ahead of Ukraine
  (+3.6 °C) as warmest non-polar, and the Western Antarctic Ice Sheet eased out of `EXTREME` to
  +4.5 °C `MODERATE`, with no zone `EXTREME` this cycle. Updated the at-a-glance, cryosphere,
  regional and reading sections; the Arctic ice/warm-air and bipolar warm joins held
  ([[co2-monitoring]], [[sea-ice-extent]], [[climate-anomalies]]).
- 2026-06-30 — daily-ingest flowback (2026-W27): refreshed from the live 2026-06-30 ingest. CO2
  eased to 430.52 ppm (2.04 ppm above the year-ago 428.48); Arctic ice fell to 9.48 million km²
  at a deeper −1.61 anomaly (a twelfth straight below-average month). The regional field grew to
  25 zones and hardened at the top: Europe (+9.9 °C) and Ukraine (+5.2 °C) both reached `EXTREME`
  (none last cycle), while the Western Antarctic Ice Sheet flipped from the field's largest warm
  anomaly to a −2.2 °C cold reading — breaking the bipolar-warm join while the Arctic warm-air
  anomaly (+2.8 °C) co-located with the low ice held. Updated the at-a-glance, chemistry,
  cryosphere, regional and reading sections; observed-only framing held ([[co2-monitoring]],
  [[sea-ice-extent]], [[climate-anomalies]]).
- 2026-07-02 — weekly synthesis (2026-W27): absorbed the 2026-07-01 and 2026-07-02 ingest days.
  The cryosphere carried the headline: the NSIDC trend flag flipped from "below_average" to
  **"record_low"** as June extent fell to 9.1 million km² at a −1.8 anomaly (from 9.48 / −1.61).
  CO2 eased marginally to 430.48 ppm (now 1.49 ppm above the year-ago 428.99); methane
  (1940.46 ppb) and nitrous oxide (339.75 ppb) held. The regional map (2026-06-26 to
  2026-07-02) softened to 16 warm / 8 cold / 1 dry: Europe alone holds `EXTREME` at +6.1 °C
  (from +9.9), Ukraine eased to +3.8 °C `MODERATE`, the dry flag migrated from the Coral
  Triangle to East Asia (−7.0), California became the coldest zone (−3.8 °C `MODERATE`), and
  the Arctic warm-air anomaly eased to +0.7 °C beside the record-low ice. Updated the
  at-a-glance, chemistry, cryosphere, regional and reading sections; observed-only framing held
  ([[co2-monitoring]], [[sea-ice-extent]], [[climate-anomalies]]).
- 2026-07-13 — weekly synthesis (2026-W29): absorbed the 2026-07-06 through 2026-07-13 ingest
  days after an 11-day curator gap. The cryosphere eased off last cycle's headline: the NSIDC
  trend flag retreated from "record_low" back to "below_average" as July extent read 8.26 million
  km² at a −1.63 anomaly (from 9.1 / −1.8), the raw extent lower on the summer melt but the
  deficit shallower. CO2 read a current 428.42 ppm (measured 2026-07-10, 0.55 ppm above the
  year-ago 427.87) on a 431.44 ppm June monthly average; methane eased to 1937.86 ppb and nitrous
  oxide held at 339.76 ppb. The regional map (2026-07-07 to 2026-07-13) ran 17 warm / 7 cold / 1
  wet with no `EXTREME` warm zone — Europe eased to +3 °C `MODERATE`, Central Asia led at +4 °C —
  while the two `EXTREME` flags were the Western Antarctic Ice Sheet (−9.5 °C cold) and a Myanmar
  monsoon wet signal (+13.7). Updated the at-a-glance, chemistry, cryosphere, regional and reading
  sections; observed-only framing held ([[co2-monitoring]], [[sea-ice-extent]],
  [[climate-anomalies]]).
- 2026-07-15 — daily-ingest flowback (2026-W29): absorbed the 2026-07-14 and 2026-07-15 ingest
  days. The summer melt took July extent to 8.04 million km² at a −1.67 anomaly (deficit deepening
  from −1.63), trend flag holding "below_average"; mean sea level ticked to 99.4 mm above the 1993
  reference. CO2 read a current 428.85 ppm (measured 2026-07-11, 0.30 ppm above the year-ago
  428.55) on the held 431.44 ppm June monthly average; methane and nitrous oxide held. The
  regional map (2026-07-09 to 2026-07-15) leaned further warm at 19 warm / 5 cold / 1 dry —
  Central Asia +4.7 °C and Europe +3.2 °C leading as `MODERATE`, South Asia carrying a −8.9
  `MODERATE` dry flag — while the single `EXTREME` deepened: the Western Antarctic Ice Sheet at
  −9.9 °C cold, the Myanmar wet extreme cleared. Updated the at-a-glance, chemistry, cryosphere,
  regional and reading sections; observed-only framing held ([[co2-monitoring]],
  [[sea-ice-extent]], [[climate-anomalies]]).
- 2026-07-21 — daily-ingest synthesis (2026-W30): absorbed the 07-18 through 07-20 ingests. The
  cryosphere deficit deepened — Arctic extent fell to 7.42 million km² at a −1.88 anomaly (from
  7.88 / −1.64), trend holding "below_average". CO2 ticked to a current 428.86 ppm (measured
  2026-07-18, now 1.37 ppm above the stepped-down year-ago 427.49); methane and nitrous oxide
  held. The regional map (2026-07-14 to 2026-07-20) rose to 19 warm / 5 cold / 1 wet with three
  `EXTREME` flags — Central Asia +6.5 °C warm, Greenland +5.2 °C warm (new) and East Asia +19.6
  precip wet — while the Western Antarctic Ice Sheet's cold eased out of `EXTREME` to −4.3 °C
  `MODERATE`. Updated the at-a-glance, chemistry, cryosphere, regional and reading sections;
  observed-only framing held ([[co2-monitoring]], [[sea-ice-extent]], [[climate-anomalies]]).
- 2026-07-18 — daily-ingest synthesis (2026-W29): absorbed 2026-07-17 ingest. Arctic extent eased to 7.88 million km² at −1.64 anomaly (from 8.04 / −1.67); Central Asia upgraded to EXTREME warm at +5.6 °C (from +4.7 °C MODERATE) while the warm zone count eased to 16/25 (from 19); W. Antarctic EXTREME cold eased to −8.9 °C (from −9.9 °C); co2 held flat at 428.85 ppm / 431.44 ppm monthly avg — no new reporting ([[climate-anomalies]], [[sea-ice-extent]], [[co2-monitoring]]).
- 2026-07-23 — daily-ingest synthesis (2026-W30): absorbed the 07-21 through 07-23 ingests. The cryosphere deficit deepened again — Arctic extent fell to 7.15 million km² at a −1.92 anomaly (from 7.42 / −1.88), trend holding "below_average"; the ocean sub-metrics (SST +0.61 °C, MSL 99.4 mm, OHC 228.45 ZJ) held. CO2 eased to a current 428.76 ppm (measured 2026-07-19, now 0.88 ppm above the stepped-up year-ago 427.88); methane (1937.86 ppb) and nitrous oxide (339.76 ppb) held. The regional map (2026-07-17 to 2026-07-23) eased to 17 warm / 6 cold / 1 wet / 1 mixed with two `EXTREME` flags — Greenland intensified to +7.0 °C warm (from +5.2) and East Asia's wet extreme strengthened to +31.5 precip (from +19.6) — while Central Asia eased out of `EXTREME` to +3.4 °C `MODERATE` and the Western Antarctic Ice Sheet flipped from −4.3 °C cold to +3.1 °C `MODERATE` warm, restoring the bipolar-warm join. Updated the at-a-glance, chemistry, cryosphere, regional and reading sections; observed-only framing held ([[co2-monitoring]], [[sea-ice-extent]], [[climate-anomalies]]).
- 2026-07-24 — daily-ingest synthesis (2026-W30): absorbed the 07-24 ingest. Cryosphere FRESH: NSIDC measurement stepped to 2026-07-22 — Arctic extent ticked down to 7.11 million km² at a −1.90 anomaly (from 7.15 / −1.92), the deficit easing fractionally as the seasonal baseline moved one day forward; ocean sub-metrics (SST +0.61 °C, MSL 99.4 mm, OHC 228.45 ZJ) held. CO2 CARRIED: the 07-24 feed bore the same `measuredAt` (2026-07-19) and the same 428.76 ppm as the prior pull — no new Mauna Loa print landed; methane and nitrous oxide held. Climate anomalies FRESH: period advanced to 2026-07-18 to 2026-07-24 — warm zone count held at 17 of 25, cold zones grew to 7 (the prior mixed zone reclassified); two `EXTREME` flags held — Greenland eased slightly to +6.8 °C warm (from +7.0) and East Asia wet eased to +28.7 precip (from +31.5); Western Antarctic Ice Sheet intensified to +4.7 °C `MODERATE` (from +3.1), sustaining the bipolar-warm join for a second consecutive cycle. Updated the at-a-glance, chemistry, cryosphere, regional and reading sections; observed-only framing held ([[co2-monitoring]], [[sea-ice-extent]], [[climate-anomalies]]).
- 2026-07-25 — daily-ingest synthesis (2026-W30): absorbed the 07-25 ingest. CO2 FRESH: a new Mauna Loa print landed at 429.16 ppm (from the carried 428.76), now 1.72 ppm above the stepped-down year-ago 427.44; growth rate 2.85, methane and nitrous oxide held. Cryosphere: the summer melt stepped Arctic extent to 7.03 million km² at a −1.91 anomaly (from 7.11 / −1.90), trend "below_average"; mean sea level crossed the 100 mm mark above the 1993 reference (100.1, from 99.4), SST +0.61 and OHC 228.45 ZJ held. Climate anomalies (2026-07-19 to 2026-07-25): the warm/cold/wet split held at 17 / 7 / 1 but the `EXTREME` count rose from two to three — Greenland eased to +6.0 °C warm (from +6.8), East Asia wet strengthened to +32.3 precip (from +28.7), and the Western Antarctic Ice Sheet crossed from +4.7 °C `MODERATE` into +5.9 °C `EXTREME` warm, putting both poles at `EXTREME` warm simultaneously — the strongest bipolar-warm join in the brief's run. Updated the at-a-glance, chemistry, cryosphere, regional and reading sections; observed-only framing held ([[co2-monitoring]], [[sea-ice-extent]], [[climate-anomalies]]).
- 2026-07-30 — daily-ingest synthesis (2026-W31): absorbed the 2026-07-26 through 2026-07-30 ingests after a five-day gap behind the live L1. Cryosphere: the summer melt stepped Arctic extent to 6.57 million km² at a deepening −1.97 anomaly (from 7.03 / −1.91, measured 2026-07-26), trend "below_average"; mean sea level ticked to 100.6 mm above the 1993 reference (from 100.1), SST +0.61 and OHC 228.45 ZJ held. CO2 FRESH: a new Mauna Loa print eased to 429.01 ppm (from 429.16, measured 2026-07-26), now 2.10 ppm above the year-ago 426.91; growth 2.85, methane and nitrous oxide held. Climate anomalies (2026-07-24 to 2026-07-30): the field normalised — 18 warm / 5 cold / 1 dry / 1 mixed but no `EXTREME` flag (from three last cycle), the warmest zone the Western Antarctic Ice Sheet at +3.8 °C `MODERATE` and Europe +3.1 °C, as Greenland cooled out of the top tier and East Asia's wet extreme cleared; the bipolar-warm join relaxed to a single warm pole. Updated the at-a-glance, chemistry, cryosphere, regional and reading sections; observed-only framing held ([[co2-monitoring]], [[sea-ice-extent]], [[climate-anomalies]]).
- 2026-08-01 — daily-ingest synthesis (2026-W31): absorbed the 2026-07-31 and 2026-08-01 ingests. CO2 FRESH: a new Mauna Loa print stepped up to 429.29 ppm (from 429.01, measured 2026-07-29), now 2.62 ppm above the year-ago 426.67; growth 2.85, methane (1937.86 ppb) and nitrous oxide (339.76 ppb) held. Cryosphere: the July NSIDC reading (measured 2026-07-30) stepped Arctic extent to 6.51 million km² at a −1.85 anomaly (from 6.57 / −1.97 — raw extent lower, deficit shallower), trend "below_average"; the ocean sub-metrics (SST +0.61 °C, MSL 100.6 mm, OHC 228.45 ZJ) all held. Climate anomalies (2026-07-26 to 2026-08-01): the field re-hardened — 17 warm / 4 cold / 4 mixed with two `EXTREME` warm flags back (Western Antarctic Ice Sheet +5.9 °C, Central Asia +5.1 °C) from none last cycle, Europe +3.9 °C and a re-warmed Greenland +3.2 °C behind them as `MODERATE`, the coldest zone Australia −4.6 °C; the bipolar-warm join firmed again with both poles warm. Updated the at-a-glance, chemistry, cryosphere, regional and reading sections; observed-only framing held ([[co2-monitoring]], [[sea-ice-extent]], [[climate-anomalies]]).
- 2026-08-17 — daily-ingest synthesis (2026-W34): CO2 CARRIED — the Mauna Loa feed held at 427.8 ppm on the same 2026-08-14 measurement as 08-16, no new daily print landed ([[co2-monitoring]]). Cryosphere FRESH: Arctic extent fell to 5.35 million km² at a −2.00 anomaly (from 5.51 / −1.93, measured 2026-08-15), trend "below_average", the deficit deepening toward the September minimum; ocean sub-metrics (SST +0.61 °C, MSL 101.2 mm, OHC 228.45 ZJ) held ([[sea-ice-extent]]). Climate anomalies (2026-08-11 to 2026-08-17): the field broadened warm to 22 of 25 zones (from 20) as East Asia's dry flag and a Latin America mixed flag both cleared to warm, while the `MODERATE` count eased to four (from five) — Central Asia overtook Europe as warmest, easing to +4.0 °C (from +4.4) as Europe eased further to +3.8 °C (from +4.8); Southern Africa stayed coldest at −3.9 °C (from −4.1); the bipolar-warm join held but the Western Antarctic Ice Sheet's signal flattened to +0.5 °C (from +1.9) beside Greenland's +3.2 °C ([[climate-anomalies]]). Updated the at-a-glance, chemistry, cryosphere, regional and reading sections. Observed-only framing held ([[co2-monitoring]], [[sea-ice-extent]]).
- 2026-08-16 — daily-ingest synthesis (2026-W33): absorbed the 2026-08-07 through 2026-08-16 ingests after a curator gap. CO2: the Mauna Loa daily print eased to 427.8 ppm (from 429.29, measured 2026-08-14) on the northern-summer drawdown, now 2.36 ppm above the year-ago 425.44; growth 2.83, methane 1937.59 ppb and nitrous oxide 339.78 ppb, monthly average eased to 429.12 (from 431.44). Cryosphere: the deep-summer melt drove Arctic extent sharply down to 5.51 million km² at a −1.93 anomaly (from 6.51 / −1.85), trend "below_average", toward the September minimum; mean sea level ticked to 101.2 mm above the 1993 reference (from 100.6), SST +0.61 and OHC 228.45 ZJ held. Climate anomalies (2026-08-10 to 2026-08-16): the field softened — 20 warm / 2 cold / 2 mixed / 1 dry with no `EXTREME` flag (from two last cycle), the warmest zone Europe +4.8 °C `MODERATE`, Central Asia +4.4 and Greenland +3.5 behind; coldest Southern Africa −4.1 °C; both poles warm but eased, the bipolar-warm join holding below `EXTREME`. Updated the at-a-glance, chemistry, cryosphere, regional and reading sections; observed-only framing held ([[co2-monitoring]], [[sea-ice-extent]], [[climate-anomalies]]).
